Kaj je bil obravnavani izziv/problem?
A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to attract insects. A pheromone-impregnated lure is encased in a conventional trap.
Uporaba feromonskih pasti je ena temeljnih metod napovedovanja škodljivcev v sadovnjakih in vinogradih. Nekateri kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi in sheme subvencij skupne kmetijske politike zahtevajo tudi, da kmetje uporabljajo pasti za žuželke v skladu z določeno gostoto površin. (na primer ena past na dva hektarja) in redno preberite rezultate ulova, na primer, vsaj enkrat na dan.
Kmetijska zemljišča so v mnogih državah srednje in jugovzhodne Evrope razdrobljena, zato so parcele gospodarskih kmetij običajno precej razpršene, kar pomeni, da je zelo vir – človek, čas, stroškov – redno fizično obiskovanje in branje rezultatov ulova vseh ločeno lovljenih pasti, slediti gradaciji žuželk. Tudi gospodarski položaj majhnih kmetij ni ugoden, zato morajo svetovalci raziskati in izvajati tehnologije, ki jih lahko vključijo v svoje storitve z nizkimi stroški.
Kako ste rešili problem?
Da bi na daljavo spremljali gradacijo škodljivcev na sadnih nasadih, stroškovno učinkovito rešitev so sami razvili kmetijski svetovalci, česanje preproste mobilne naprave – poceni in rabljeni android pametni telefoni – in odprtokodne spletne tehnologije. Ta rešitev se v Vzhodni Madžarski uporablja že več kot nekaj let 5 letih, in lahko služi kot primer, da morda ni vedno najbolj tehnološki komercialni pristop najboljši odgovor na določeno situacijo in potrebe, zlasti v primeru majhnih kmetov.
Kaj je v vašem praktičnem primeru inovativno?
A simple, cenovno dostopne, odprtokodno, community based solution was designed and introduced to overcome the difficulties and provide farmers and their advisors with an ICT based tool, da jim omogočijo pravočasno in spletno sledenje gradacije, iz njihovega spletnega brskalnika. Koncept in prototip sta skupaj razvila dva madžarska svetovalna centra z glavnim ciljem zagotoviti funkcionalnosti, ki dejansko lahko prinesejo številne prednosti, ki jih ponujajo precej dražje komercialne možnosti.
Sestavni deli naprave so osnovni android pametni telefon, plastična škatla z majhno stekleno luknjo (za kamero) in lesena površina, ki omogoča namestitev telefona in njegovo prikrivanje v naravnem okolju, da se preprečijo morebitne kraje, past feromonov v obliki delte s prozorno plastično folijo in sam feromon. Zaradi nizke vrednosti uporabljenih komponent – izpuščanje dodatnih stroškov dražjih (in vidno) kot so sončne celice, posebni senzorji, kamero, GPS, sekač, oddajnik – zavarovanje naprave ni bilo potrebno.
Tehnična naloga “android past” je na dan posneti eno fotografijo o lepljivi površini pasti in jo prek povezave FTP naložiti na spletni strežnik. Številka IMEI kartice SIM, datum in čas, s sliko se pošljejo podatki o geolokaciji in nivoju baterije, s predpono imena datoteke. Zahvaljujoč optimiziranim nastavitvam moči telefona, nepričakovano dolg čas delovanja je mogoče doseči brez ponovnega polnjenja, trajati celo eno sezono (30-60-180 dni z normalno podaljšano notranjo-zunanjo baterijo). Uporabniki lahko brskajo po slikah in sorodnih podatkih po spletu v uporabniku prijazni spletni aplikaciji in prenašajo rezultate za nadaljnjo analizo v obliki MS Excel (v2).
Ker so rabljeni pametni telefoni običajno tisti, ki jih kmetje ne potrebujejo več (dober izgovor, da jih zamenjate za novejše modele:), dejanski stroški celotne naprave so približno. 10-15€ vsak, ki vsebuje past, plastično leseno škatlo in na zahtevo, posebna zamenjava baterije.
Prototip je bil razvit z mislijo na skupnostni pristop, tako da ga lahko vsakdo sestavi in upravlja, po objavljenih smernicah.
Kateri so dejavniki uspeha pri reševanju problema?
Time and cost of transport to individual traps is saved.
More regular use of trap catch data.
Pest forecast is taken more into attention during plant protection.
Better plant protection results.
Realistically keep the regulation of specific CAP measures.
Advisor can combine pest forecast data from all the different location where his/her clients use the smart trap, enabling him to deduct additional information such as the direction and dynamics of gradation, itd.
Farmers get more familiar with ICTs, appreciating more its usefulness, becoming more open to other apps as well.
Successful use of the smart trap helps building better trust with service providers, advisors in other areas too.
Naučena lekcija
Our solution is very well received and used by many farmers in their everyday practical work.
agent INRAe ni razumel kmetove pobude za spremembo protokola, da bi bil bolj izvedljiv na terenu, it seems not so popular with national organizations such as the chamber of agriculture or pest protection, for whom we also tried to present and recommend our ‘system’.
We believe the main reason for this that they would rather collaborate with large telecom and ICT service providers, who may have much more robust and expensive solutions.
Many commercial ICT companies now see agriculture as great opportunity for their products and services in precision agriculture and other areas, because of large quantities in data interactions, using farming 4.0 technology, sensors, m2m communication, big data, itd. (often pushing technology without useful function), vendarle, their main interest is profit to be gained from intensive, large scale agriculture, while they are less interested in solutions for small medium scale, family farms.
On the contrary, the main target group of farm advisors are smaller farms – who cannot afford to employ admin and expert staff in their businesses – therefore farm advisory system can be the main channel and network to provide ICT based services for SME farmers. The Smart Insect Trap solution highlighted in this example was delivered that way.
Another idea that came from introducing and piloting this solution is the need for targeted sensor combinations for specific functionality in agriculture that can be one promising future direction of ICT-agri services. In an ideal situation sensors, data loggers, transmitters, power source units etc. could be flexibly and easily combined to assembly smart devices for best price/performance in special use cases in a “lego-like” fashion. Under such scenario there is no need for a phone (na primer), but only use the required technical components. This approach needs a dedicated study to clarify all technical an economic aspects (as for example it may turn out that still a basic phone is still the most appropriate device for some specific function).
Kakšno vlogo ima svetovalec ali svetovalna služba pri praktičnem primeru?
The lead advisor has the main role of the inventor in this practical case, based on the problem identification, need assessment and the design of the aspired solution, as described above. The advisors also manage the whole process of development, installation, monitoring and maintaining the operation of the device. The Smart Insect Trap is not sold as a stand alone product, but provided for farmer clients as part of the advisory service fee, especially related to pest forecast and plant protection. This requires farm demonstrations and trainings as well, to showcase the concept and the usability of the approach. The lead advisor collaborates with a service developer NGO, which assist in the technical details, related to IT tasks (like the setting up of the device, FTP file transfer communication, and programming the online interface for data visualisation).
Ali je mogoče vaš pristop prenesti in/ali prilagoditi drugim inovacijskim izzivom in regijam?
da
kar je povzročilo napetosti z raziskavo 1 kar je povzročilo napetosti z raziskavo 5
(kar je povzročilo napetosti z raziskavo 1 kar je povzročilo napetosti z raziskavo 5 kar je povzročilo napetosti z raziskavo)
2
Za izmenjavo izkušenj o dobri praksi, prosim kontaktirajte
Laszlo Gabor Papocsi
lpapocsi@gmail.com
Povezava do zunanjih informacij
https://www.biokutatas.hu/hu/page/show/epitsd-meg-a-sajat-okos-rovarcsapdad